"Design is the process of specifying conditions for learning" (Seels & Richey, 1994, p. 30).
The design domain encompasses four key subdomains: Instructional Systems Design (ISD), Message Design, Instructional Strategies, and Learner Characteristics. At its core, design involves intentionally planning the conditions that make learning most effective. This includes applying systems-based models to structure instruction, crafting messages and materials for clarity and engagement, choosing appropriate teaching strategies, and tailoring approaches to align with the specific needs and backgrounds of learners.
The Design standards represent much of the foundation of my work as an instructional designer and reflect the most significant area of my professional growth throughout this program. Early in my career, I approached instructional challenges with practical intuition, but through the formal study of instructional systems design, message design, strategy selection, and learner analysis, I have developed a much more deliberate and evidence-informed approach to designing instruction.
Projects aligned with learning theory showcase how my design process has matured from linear content delivery to dynamic, learner-centered experiences. My understanding of message design and instructional strategies have deepened my ability to shape how learners perceive and engage with content across modalities. Most significantly, the focus on learner characteristics has fundamentally reshaped my perspective, helping me center accessibility, motivation, and context in all stages of the learning design process. Professionally, I have moved from work in academic advising and focusing on one area of the student learning experience in higher education, to now working as an Instructional Designer working with all levels of curriculum in broad academic fields.
Taken together, the artifacts in this section demonstrate a shift in my thinking and my work, from focusing on what I want to teach to focusing on how learners can best learn. I now view instructional design not only as a methodical process but as a creative act of empathy, strategy, and continuous improvement.
"Instructional Systems Design (ISD) is an organized procedure that includes the steps of analyzing, designing, developing, implementing, and evaluating instruction'"(Seels & Richey, 1994, p. 31).
Application of Learning Theory: Using Theory in Practice
This project involved the development of a theoretical analysis and application plan focused on aligning instructional strategies with established learning theories. Through this assignment, I analyzed a real-world instructional context and identified how behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist theories could guide both design decisions and learner support strategies. The project required me to articulate the theoretical foundations of my instructional choices and demonstrate how these theories manifest in practice. This includes content sequencing and scaffolding to learner motivation and feedback mechanisms. By applying theory to a practical design context, I deepened my ability to select appropriate pedagogical approaches and connect them meaningfully to instructional outcomes.
Artifact
This artifact is a written report that explores how different learning theories can inform instructional design in a specific instructional setting. The paper presents a detailed alignment between behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist theories and the instructional strategies used to support learner engagement, knowledge construction, and skill development. The artifact includes examples to support the practical application of theory in a professional context.
Reflection
This project reflects my competency in connecting theoretical knowledge with instructional practice by grounding my decisions in established learning theories. I demonstrated the ability to design instruction that is both research-informed and learner-centered and to communicate the rationale behind my design choices to stakeholders.
Applied Instructional Design Project: Cognitive Load
This project involved the planned development of an interactive academic advising tutorial, created using the principles of Instructional Systems Design (ISD) and grounded in cognitive learning theory. The project began with an analysis of learners’ prior experiences with academic planning, which informed the development of activities that aimed to activate and restructure existing mental schemas. I designed each step to support cognitive processing and reduce extraneous load, following a structured approach to instructional sequencing. The online tutorial was planned to be developed using Adobe Captivate and implemented as a scenario-based learning experience. Learners were guided through realistic advising tasks and received immediate feedback based on their decisions. Learning was evaluated through embedded short-answer assessments and interactive checkpoints. The entire design emphasized learner-centered strategies that promoted schema development, information retention, and real-world application.
Artifact
This artifact is a document outlining a planned interactive online tutorial that simulates an academic advising session. The plan incorporates scenario-based learning, short-answer assessments, and visual cues to support cognitive load management.
Reflection
This project showcases my ability to apply systematic instructional design processes and align them with cognitive theory to create meaningful, effective instruction. By focusing on schema change and minimizing cognitive overload, I ensured that learners could engage with complex advising content in a manageable and structured way. This artifact illustrates my competency in designing learner-centered instruction that is both theoretically grounded and practically applicable. It also reflects my growth in integrating multimedia tools like Captivate to deliver interactive learning experiences that meet defined instructional outcomes.
Shema Theory: Who Cares About Minerals?
This project applied Schema Theory within the Instructional Systems Design (ISD) framework to create a learning experience on the topic of minerals. Using a systematic instructional design process, I analyzed students’ prior knowledge to identify existing misconceptions and knowledge gaps. I then designed an interactive game that introduced new mineral-related content in a way that built on familiar concepts and encouraged active participation. To support schema integration, I developed a concept mapping activity that required learners to connect new information with their existing understanding. This activity fostered deeper cognitive processing and promoted long-term retention. The implementation phase provided opportunities for students to expand their mental frameworks, while the evaluation phase used concept maps as a formative assessment tool to measure conceptual change and growth. The project illustrated the ISD model’s emphasis on iterative planning, learner analysis, and formative feedback in support of meaningful learning outcomes.
Artifact
This artifact includes two instructional components: an overview outline of an interactive mineral-themed game designed to engage learners and introduce new content, and a concept mapping activity used as both a learning tool and an assessment strategy. These materials were designed to help students actively reorganize their knowledge structures and deepen their understanding of mineral classifications and properties.
Reflection
This project demonstrates my ability to integrate Schema Theory with ISD principles to support meaningful learning. The project engaged learners cognitively and encouraged conceptual reorganization. By using concept mapping as both a learning and assessment tool, I was able to evaluate not just content recall but schema expansion. This artifact highlights my skill in designing instruction that prioritizes learner mental models and supports deep, transferable understanding, essential components of effective instructional design.
Applied Instructional Deign: System Communication Theory
This project focused on applying Systems Communication Theory to the design of an instructional experience that improves communication within complex systems. Guided by the Instructional Systems Design (ISD) process, I began by analyzing communication breakdowns in a hypothetical organizational setting and identifying key barriers to effective message transmission. From this analysis, I designed a structured training module that introduced core concepts of systems communication and provided practical strategies for improving message clarity, feedback loops, and cross-departmental coordination. This document explores the relationship between communication effectiveness and learner performance.
Artifact
This artifact is a written instructional design plan that incorporates Systems Communication Theory into a workplace training context. It outlines the analysis of communication needs, instructional goals, proposed strategies, content organization, and assessment methods. The document demonstrates how theoretical principles can be applied to solve instructional challenges in real-world professional environments.
Reflection
This project exemplifies AECT Standard 1.1 by showing how instruction can be systematically developed through a structured process grounded in analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Each step in the project was intentionally aligned to the needs of the learners and the goals of the organization. I used the ISD framework not only to organize the instructional content, but to guide decision-making around sequencing, delivery methods, and formative feedback. This artifact demonstrates my ability to respond to complex communication issues with a research-based, iterative design approach.
"Message design involves planning for the manipulation of the physical form of the message" (Seels & Richey, 1994, p. 31).
Advanced ID Workshop: Exposure Effect
This project explored the psychological phenomenon known as the Exposure Effect, which suggests that repeated exposure to a stimulus can increase an individual’s preference for it. Using this concept as both content and strategy, I designed an instructional experience that applied core principles of message design to maximize learner engagement and retention. The instruction combined diverse media—video clips, background music, artwork, and PowerPoint slides—to deliver content in a multi-sensory format that supported a range of learning preferences.
The sequence of materials was carefully curated to promote attention, evoke affective responses, and encourage reflection. Learners were asked to complete a short informal survey and engage with follow-up materials, reinforcing the learning through repeated exposure to key concepts in different formats. This structure modeled the very concept being taught, creating a layered instructional experience that aligned with both the subject matter and the cognitive-affective needs of the learners.
Artifact
The artifact for this project is a multimedia presentation that includes the notes from a narrated PowerPoint, embedded media, a learner survey, and supplemental materials. These components were designed to demonstrate how deliberate message design can enhance learner perception, preference, and understanding through planned exposure and engagement.
Reflection
This project exemplifies AECT Standard 1.2 by demonstrating how the physical form of a message, its structure, media, and sequencing, can be intentionally planned to enhance attention, perception, and retention. Drawing on cognitive and affective learning theories, I selected and combined media in ways that promoted engagement across multiple modalities. The variety of sensory inputs and repeated exposure opportunities supported learning through both emotional resonance and cognitive reinforcement. By aligning the design of the message with the nature of the learning task and the characteristics of the audience, this project reflects my ability to apply message design principles to create meaningful, effective instructional experiences.
"Instructional strategies are specifications for selecting and sequencing events and activities within a lesson" (Seels & Richey, 1994, p. 31).
Centra: Classroom Instruction Overview
This project involved designing a structured introductory training session to help faculty effectively use the Centra virtual classroom platform. The instructional strategy was carefully sequenced to match learner needs, beginning with simple, low-risk tasks like logging in and uploading content and gradually progressing toward more complex interactions such as managing polls, using text chat, and facilitating live feedback tools. Each instructional event was chosen based on its relevance to the faculty’s teaching responsibilities and designed to build user confidence incrementally. By scaffolding the experience, the lesson helped participants move from basic technology use to more dynamic instructional engagement. The design emphasized alignment between learner characteristics, content complexity, and the desired performance outcomes, ensuring that every instructional event was purposeful and appropriately placed.
Artifact
This artifact is an instructional plan for demonstration for faculty on using Centra, a virtual classroom environment. It includes a structured sequence of activities, demonstrations, and guided practice opportunities, all designed to help instructors build skills progressively and apply them in their own teaching contexts.
Reflection
This project exemplifies AECT Standard 1.3 by demonstrating how the strategic selection and sequencing of instructional strategies can support skill acquisition and learner success. By starting with foundational technical tasks and gradually increasing task complexity, a clear learning pathway was planned so that the time constraints of adult professionals were considered. This project highlights my ability to apply instructional models and strategies that respond to real-world learning situations in a systematic way.
Instructional Strategies for Centra Classroom
This document demonstrates identifying and applying instructional strategies to help faculty effectively use the Centra virtual classroom platform in a teaching context. I developed a set of scaffolded instructional activities that aligned with faculty learners’ prior experience, teaching responsibilities, and technology comfort levels. The lesson plan emphasized active engagement, starting with straightforward tasks such as accessing the platform and uploading documents, and progressing toward more interactive strategies like conducting polls, managing breakout rooms, and using real-time feedback tools.
The instructional sequence was deliberately structured to build confidence and mastery over time, ensuring each new skill was supported by opportunities for practice and reflection. The strategy also accounted for time constraints and varying levels of technical proficiency, integrating just-in-time support and low-pressure practice opportunities. This project highlights how targeted instructional strategies can transform a technical training into a meaningful, pedagogically sound professional development experience.
Artifact
The artifact includes a structured instructional plan, demonstration materials, and sample activities that train faculty to use Centra effectively. It illustrates how the careful selection and sequencing of instructional strategies can promote both skill development and instructional confidence among adult learners.
Reflection
This project reflects AECT Standard 1.3, which emphasizes selecting and sequencing instructional events to align with learning goals, content, and learner characteristics. My instructional design decisions were guided by a deep understanding of the faculty audience, including their workload, expectations, and comfort with instructional technology. I applied scaffolding and incremental learning strategies to guide users through increasingly complex features, allowing for meaningful progress without overwhelming the learner.
Applied ID: Designing Using Gange Theory of Instruction
This project applied Gagné’s Nine Events of Instruction to create a structured learning experience. Each instructional step was deliberately chosen and sequenced to align with Gagné’s model, beginning with gaining learner attention and ending with enhancing retention and transfer. The content was developed with attention to both cognitive engagement and motivational strategies, using real-world examples and interactive elements to maintain interest and reinforce learning. The instruction was designed with the learner’s needs and prior knowledge in mind, with particular emphasis on practice, feedback, and support for long-term memory. This project demonstrates selection of instructional strategies based on both the nature of the content and the desired learner outcomes, showcasing how theoretical models can inform real-world instructional planning.
Artifact
This artifact is a lesson plan and instructional framework that maps learning activities to each of Gagné’s Nine Events. It includes sample prompts, instructional content, interactive activities, and feedback mechanisms, all organized to scaffold learning and promote knowledge transfer.
Reflection
This project aligns with AECT Standard 1.3, which defines instructional strategies as the selection and sequencing of learning events based on content, learner needs, and objectives. By using Gagné’s instructional model, I was able to create a structured learning experience that ensured each phase of instruction supported the next. The use of attention-getting techniques, learner guidance, practice opportunities, and reinforcement strategies helped maintain engagement and promote mastery. This project demonstrates my ability to apply theory to practice by designing instruction that is methodical, research-informed, and tailored to promote effective learning outcomes.
"Learner characteristics are those facets of the learner's experiential background that impact the effectiveness of a learning process" (Seels & Richey, 1994, p. 32).
Academic Advising for the Online Student: Challanges & Resources
This project focused on understanding the unique challenges faced by online students in accessing and engaging with academic advising services. Drawing on learner analysis, I explored key characteristics of this population, including limited face-to-face access, time constraints, varying degrees of self-regulation, and diverse levels of digital literacy. These insights informed the development of a learner-centered resource that not only provided clear information about advising processes but also offered strategies to help students advocate for themselves and persist in their academic goals. The project emphasized accessibility, clarity, and relevance, and was intentionally designed to reflect the real-world conditions under which online students engage with support services. By recognizing and responding to learner characteristics, the design promoted both awareness and empowerment for students navigating complex systems remotely.
Artifact
This artifact is a presentation document that discusses research on the unique challenges of online students. It also identifies common advising challenges and provides practical strategies and tools for overcoming them. The material is designed to be concise, supportive, and easy to navigate, with special attention given to tone and accessibility.
Reflection
This project exemplifies AECT Standard 1.4 by demonstrating how an understanding of learner characteristics can inform every phase of instructional planning. In this project, I addressed the real-life context and needs of online learners by designing a resource that acknowledges their time constraints, need for self-direction, and reliance on clear, accessible communication. This artifact reflects my commitment to designing instruction that starts with the learner, not just the content.
Learner and Context Analysis: Centra Classroom
This project focused on analyzing learner characteristics and contextual factors to inform the instructional design of a faculty module. The project includes a detailed analysis of participants’ prior experience, comfort with instructional technology, and professional motivations.This analysis resulted in a contextually responsive design and ensured that the training respected the learners’ strengths while directly addressing skills gaps.
Artifact
This artifact is a learner and context analysis report that guided the development of the Centra faculty training. It outlines learner characteristics, environmental factors, and instructional implications, all of which shaped the tone, sequencing, and content of the instructional design.
Reflection
This project clearly aligns with AECT Standard 1.4, which emphasizes the role of learner characteristics in determining the success of instructional interventions. By tailoring instructional strategies to match the learners’ expertise, motivation, and unfamiliarity with synchronous online environments, I created a training experience that was both respectful and effective. This artifact reflects my commitment to designing instruction that begins with a deep understanding of who the learners are and how their experiences shape the way they learn.
Keller's Motivational Design Process: Motivating New Engineering Students to Work with CAD Programs
This project applied Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivational Design (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction) to address engagement challenges among first-year engineering students learning to use computer-aided design (CAD) software. The instructional design was grounded in a learner analysis that identified key motivational barriers, including limited prior experience with CAD tools, low initial confidence, and difficulty seeing the relevance of CAD to their broader engineering coursework. I used the ARCS model to craft strategies that captured attention through real-world examples, established relevance by linking CAD tasks to professional engineering applications, and built confidence through scaffolded practice and supportive feedback. The instruction concluded with opportunities for success-driven reinforcement, allowing learners to experience satisfaction in their progress. This project emphasized that motivation is not a static learner trait but something that can be intentionally supported through thoughtful instructional design.
Artifact
This artifact is an instructional plan and design analysis that maps learner needs to each of the four components of Keller’s ARCS model. It includes strategies for maintaining attention, building relevance, supporting confidence, and encouraging satisfaction, specifically tailored to the motivational profiles of novice engineering students working with CAD technology.
Reflection
This project directly reflects AECT Standard 1.4, which recognizes that learner characteristics, uch as prior experience, confidence levels, and motivational needs, significantly influence the effectiveness of instruction. By applying Keller’s model, I designed instruction that was informed by learner psychology and customized to address both cognitive and affective learning barriers. The work demonstrates how motivation research can inform the selection of instructional strategies that engage learners meaningfully, especially in technically demanding environments. This artifact illustrates my ability to apply motivational theory to real-world instructional design, ensuring that content delivery supports knowledge acquisition, as well as learner persistence and engagement.